Messier Program
Progress: 110/110 features observed (100%)
The Messier Catalog contains 110 of the brightest deep-sky objects visible from mid-northern latitudes. Created by French astronomer Charles Messier (1730-1817) to catalog objects that might be confused with comets, this collection includes some of the most spectacular galaxies, nebulae, and star clusters accessible to amateur astronomers.
Official AL Program: Messier Observing Program
Program Requirements
Silver Level (70 objects)
- Visually observe 70 Messier objects
- Record: date, time, latitude/longitude, seeing, transparency, aperture, and power used
- Provide detailed description of each object’s appearance
- Certificate awarded upon completion
Gold Level (All 110 objects)
- Visually observe all 110 Messier objects
- Same recording requirements as Silver Level
- Certificate and pin awarded upon completion
Complete Messier Object List
Below are all 110 Messier objects in the program, organized by seasonal observing groups:
I. The Winter Group (R.A. 0h - 6h)
- M31 - Andromeda Galaxy - NGC 224, Mag 4.5, Galaxy in Andromeda, 178' ✓ Observed
- M32 - Andromeda Companion - NGC 221, Mag 10.0, Galaxy in Andromeda, 8' × 6' ✓ Observed
- M33 - Triangulum Galaxy - NGC 598, Mag 7.0, Galaxy in Triangulum, 73' × 45' ✓ Observed
- M52 - Cassiopeia Cluster - NGC 7654, Mag 8.0, Open Cluster in Cassiopeia, 13.0' ✓ Observed
- M34 - Perseus Cluster - NGC 1039, Mag 6.0, Open Cluster in Perseus, 35.0' ✓ Observed
- M76 - Little Dumbbell - NGC 650, Mag 12.0, Planetary Nebula in Perseus, 163" × 107" ✓ Observed
- M1 - Crab Nebula - NGC 1952, Mag 9.0, Supernova Remnant in Taurus, 6' × 4' ✓ Observed
- M45 - Pleiades - NGC 1432, Mag 1.4, Open Cluster in Taurus, 110.0' ✓ Observed
- M36 - Auriga Cluster - NGC 1960, Mag 6.5, Open Cluster in Auriga, 12.0' ✓ Observed
- M37 - Auriga Cluster - NGC 2099, Mag 6.0, Open Cluster in Auriga, 24.0' ✓ Observed
- M38 - Auriga Cluster - NGC 1912, Mag 7.0, Open Cluster in Auriga, 21.0' ✓ Observed
- M42 - Orion Nebula - NGC 1976, Mag 5.0, Emission Nebula in Orion, 85' × 60' ✓ Observed
- M43 - Orion Region - NGC 1982, Mag 7.0, Emission Nebula in Orion, 20' × 15' ✓ Observed
- M78 - Orion Nebula - NGC 2068, Mag 8.0, Reflection Nebula in Orion, 8' × 6' ✓ Observed
- M79 - Lepus Cluster - NGC 1904, Mag 8.5, Globular Cluster in Lepus, 8.7' ✓ Observed
- M35 - Gemini Cluster - NGC 2168, Mag 5.5, Open Cluster in Gemini, 28.0' ✓ Observed
- M50 - Monoceros Cluster - NGC 2323, Mag 7.0, Open Cluster in Monoceros, 16.0' ✓ Observed
- M41 - Canis Major Cluster - NGC 2287, Mag 5.0, Open Cluster in Canis Major, 38.0' ✓ Observed
- M46 - Puppis Cluster - NGC 2437, Mag 6.5, Open Cluster in Puppis, 27.0' ✓ Observed
- M47 - Puppis Cluster - NGC 2422, Mag 4.5, Open Cluster in Puppis, 30.0' ✓ Observed
II. The Early Spring Group (R.A. 8h - 12h)
- M44 - Beehive Cluster - NGC 2632, Mag 4.0, Open Cluster in Cancer, 95.0' ✓ Observed
- M67 - Cancer Cluster - NGC 2682, Mag 7.5, Open Cluster in Cancer, 30.0' ✓ Observed
- M48 - Hydra Cluster - NGC 2548, Mag 5.5, Open Cluster in Hydra, 54.0' ✓ Observed
- M81 - Bode's Galaxy - NGC 3031, Mag 8.5, Galaxy in Ursa Major, 21' × 10' ✓ Observed
- M82 - Cigar Galaxy - NGC 3034, Mag 9.5, Galaxy in Ursa Major, 9' × 4' ✓ Observed
- M97 - Owl Nebula - NGC 3587, Mag 12.0, Planetary Nebula in Ursa Major, 202" × 196" ✓ Observed
- M101 - Pinwheel Galaxy - NGC 5457, Mag 8.5, Galaxy in Ursa Major, 22.0' ✓ Observed
- M40 - Winnecke 4 - WIN4, Mag 9.0, Double Star in Ursa Major, 49" ✓ Observed
- M65 - Leo Galaxy - NGC 3623, Mag 10.5, Galaxy in Leo, 8' × 1.5' ✓ Observed
- M66 - Leo Galaxy - NGC 3627, Mag 10.0, Galaxy in Leo, 8' × 2.5' ✓ Observed
- M3 - Canes Venatici Cluster - NGC 5272, Mag 7.0, Globular Cluster in Canes Venatici, 16.2' ✓ Observed
- M51 - Whirlpool Galaxy - NGC 5194, Mag 8.0, Galaxy in Canes Venatici, 11' × 7' ✓ Observed
- M63 - Sunflower Galaxy - NGC 5055, Mag 8.5, Galaxy in Canes Venatici, 10' × 6' ✓ Observed
III. The Late Spring Group (R.A. 12h - 13h, Virgo-Coma Region)
- M49 - Virgo Cluster - NGC 4472, Mag 10.0, Galaxy in Virgo, 9' × 7.5' ✓ Observed
- M58 - Virgo Galaxy - NGC 4579, Mag 11.0, Galaxy in Virgo, 5.5' × 4.5' ✓ Observed
- M59 - Virgo Galaxy - NGC 4621, Mag 11.5, Galaxy in Virgo, 5' × 3.5' ✓ Observed
- M60 - Virgo Galaxy - NGC 4649, Mag 10.5, Galaxy in Virgo, 7' × 6' ✓ Observed
- M61 - Virgo Galaxy - NGC 4303, Mag 10.5, Galaxy in Virgo, 6' × 5.5' ✓ Observed
- M104 - Sombrero Galaxy - NGC 4594, Mag 9.5, Galaxy in Virgo, 9' × 4' ✓ Observed
- M53 - Coma Cluster - NGC 5024, Mag 8.5, Globular Cluster in Coma Berenices, 12.6' ✓ Observed
- M64 - Black Eye Galaxy - NGC 4826, Mag 9.0, Galaxy in Coma Berenices, 9.3' × 5.4' ✓ Observed
- M68 - Hydra Cluster - NGC 4590, Mag 9.0, Globular Cluster in Hydra, 12.0' ✓ Observed
IV. The Mid-Summer Group (R.A. 13h - 18h)
- M5 - Serpens Cluster - NGC 5904, Mag 7.0, Globular Cluster in Serpens, 17.4' ✓ Observed
- M102 - Spindle Galaxy - NGC 5866, Mag 10.5, Galaxy in Draco, 5.2' × 2.3' ✓ Observed
- M13 - Great Hercules Cluster - NGC 6205, Mag 7.0, Globular Cluster in Hercules, 16.6' ✓ Observed
- M9 - Ophiuchus Cluster - NGC 6333, Mag 9.0, Globular Cluster in Ophiuchus, 9.3' ✓ Observed
- M10 - Ophiuchus Cluster - NGC 6254, Mag 7.5, Globular Cluster in Ophiuchus, 15.1' ✓ Observed
- M12 - Ophiuchus Cluster - NGC 6218, Mag 8.0, Globular Cluster in Ophiuchus, 14.5' ✓ Observed
- M14 - Ophiuchus Cluster - NGC 6402, Mag 9.5, Globular Cluster in Ophiuchus, 11.7' ✓ Observed
- M19 - Ophiuchus Cluster - NGC 6273, Mag 8.5, Globular Cluster in Ophiuchus, 13.5' ✓ Observed
- M62 - Ophiuchus Cluster - NGC 6266, Mag 8.0, Globular Cluster in Ophiuchus, 14.1' ✓ Observed
- M4 - Scorpius Cluster - NGC 6121, Mag 7.5, Globular Cluster in Scorpius, 26.3' ✓ Observed
- M80 - Scorpius Cluster - NGC 6093, Mag 8.5, Globular Cluster in Scorpius, 8.9' ✓ Observed
- M6 - Butterfly Cluster - NGC 6405, Mag 4.5, Open Cluster in Scorpius, 15.0' ✓ Observed
- M7 - Ptolemy Cluster - NGC 6475, Mag 3.5, Open Cluster in Scorpius, 80.0' ✓ Observed
V. The Late Summer Group (R.A. 18h - 20h, Sagittarius Region)
- M11 - Wild Duck Cluster - NGC 6705, Mag 7.0, Open Cluster in Scutum, 14.0' ✓ Observed
- M26 - Scutum Cluster - NGC 6694, Mag 9.5, Open Cluster in Scutum, 15.0' ✓ Observed
- M16 - Eagle Nebula - NGC 6611, Mag 6.5, Emission Nebula in Serpens, 7.0' ✓ Observed
- M17 - Swan Nebula - NGC 6618, Mag 7.0, Emission Nebula in Sagittarius, 11.0' ✓ Observed
- M18 - Sagittarius Cluster - NGC 6613, Mag 8.0, Open Cluster in Sagittarius, 9.0' ✓ Observed
- M24 - Sagittarius Star Cloud - NGC 6603, Mag 11.5, Star Cloud in Sagittarius, 5.0' ✓ Observed
- M20 - Trifid Nebula - NGC 6514, Mag 5.0, Emission Nebula in Sagittarius, 28.0' ✓ Observed
- M21 - Sagittarius Cluster - NGC 6531, Mag 7.0, Open Cluster in Sagittarius, 13.0' ✓ Observed
- M8 - Lagoon Nebula - NGC 6523, Mag 5.0, Emission Nebula in Sagittarius, 60' × 35' ✓ Observed
- M22 - Sagittarius Cluster - NGC 6656, Mag 6.5, Globular Cluster in Sagittarius, 24.0' ✓ Observed
- M28 - Sagittarius Cluster - NGC 6626, Mag 8.5, Globular Cluster in Sagittarius, 11.2' ✓ Observed
- M23 - Sagittarius Cluster - NGC 6494, Mag 6.0, Open Cluster in Sagittarius, 27.0' ✓ Observed
- M25 - Sagittarius Cluster - IC4725, Mag 4.9, Open Cluster in Sagittarius, 40.0' ✓ Observed
- M54 - Sagittarius Cluster - NGC 6715, Mag 8.5, Globular Cluster in Sagittarius, 9.1' ✓ Observed
- M55 - Sagittarius Cluster - NGC 6809, Mag 7.0, Globular Cluster in Sagittarius, 19.0' ✓ Observed
- M69 - Sagittarius Cluster - NGC 6637, Mag 9.0, Globular Cluster in Sagittarius, 7.1' ✓ Observed
- M70 - Sagittarius Cluster - NGC 6681, Mag 9.0, Globular Cluster in Sagittarius, 7.8' ✓ Observed
- M75 - Sagittarius Cluster - NGC 6864, Mag 9.5, Globular Cluster in Sagittarius, 6.0' ✓ Observed
VI. The Fall and Early Winter Group (R.A. 19h - 2h)
- M56 - Lyra Cluster - NGC 6779, Mag 9.5, Globular Cluster in Lyra, 7.1' ✓ Observed
- M57 - Ring Nebula - NGC 6720, Mag 9.5, Planetary Nebula in Lyra, 85.6" × 61.6" ✓ Observed
- M29 - Cygnus Cluster - NGC 6913, Mag 9.0, Open Cluster in Cygnus, 7.0' ✓ Observed
- M39 - Cygnus Cluster - NGC 7092, Mag 5.5, Open Cluster in Cygnus, 32.0' ✓ Observed
- M27 - Dumbbell Nebula - NGC 6853, Mag 7.5, Planetary Nebula in Vulpecula, 480" × 340" ✓ Observed
- M71 - Sagitta Cluster - NGC 6838, Mag 8.5, Globular Cluster in Sagitta, 7.2' ✓ Observed
- M30 - Capricornus Cluster - NGC 7099, Mag 8.5, Globular Cluster in Capricornus, 11.0' ✓ Observed
- M2 - Aquarius Cluster - NGC 7089, Mag 7.5, Globular Cluster in Aquarius, 12.9' ✓ Observed
- M72 - Aquarius Cluster - NGC 6981, Mag 10.0, Globular Cluster in Aquarius, 5.9' ✓ Observed
- M73 - Aquarius Asterism - NGC 6994, Mag 9.0, Asterism in Aquarius, 2.8' ✓ Observed
- M15 - Pegasus Cluster - NGC 7078, Mag 7.5, Globular Cluster in Pegasus, 12.3' ✓ Observed
- M74 - Pisces Galaxy - NGC 628, Mag 10.5, Galaxy in Pisces, 10.2' × 9.5' ✓ Observed
- M77 - Cetus Galaxy - NGC 1068, Mag 10.5, Galaxy in Cetus, 7' × 6' ✓ Observed
Observing Tips
Equipment
- Minimum 60mm aperture telescope recommended
- Larger apertures (8" or more) reveal significantly more detail
- Nebula filters (UHC, OIII) enhance emission nebulae
- Use multiple eyepieces for different magnifications
- Red flashlight for preserving night vision
Techniques
- Allow 20-30 minutes for eyes to dark adapt
- Use averted vision for faint objects
- Try different magnifications
- Sketch what you see to record details
- Observe on moonless nights when possible
- Choose objects appropriate for season
Seasonal Planning
- Winter: Great for open clusters (Auriga, Gemini) and M42
- Spring: Galaxy season! Virgo-Coma clusters visible
- Summer: Globular cluster season (Sagittarius, Ophiuchus)
- Fall: Return to galaxies (Andromeda, Triangulum) and planetary nebulae